WAEC 2024/2025 CRS Answers
CRS Objectives
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(1a)
(i)Economic strain: His extravagant projects led to a heavy tax burden, causing economic hardship for the people.
(ii)Spiritual decay: His tolerance of foreign gods and idols undermined Israel’s religious foundations, leading to spiritual decay and political instability.
(iii)National division: His harsh treatment of the northern tribes sparked rebellion and ultimately led to the division of the kingdom after his death.
(1b)
(i)Hubris: Leaders who become too proud and self-absorbed can lose touch with their people and make selfish decisions.
(ii)Self-interest: Prioritizing personal gain over the well-being of others can erode trust and foster resentment.
(iii)Tyranny: Ruling with oppression and injustice can create widespread discontent and unrest among the people.
OR
(1a)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Heavy Taxation: To fund his numerous building projects, Solomon imposed heavy taxes on the people. This created a financial burden on the citizens and led to widespread dissatisfaction.
(ii) Forced Labor: Solomon conscripted labor from the Israelites for his construction projects. Many people were compelled to work on these projects, which caused resentment and hardship among the population.
(iii) Religious Idolatry: Solomon married many foreign women who brought their own gods and religious practices to Israel. Solomon built altars for these foreign gods, leading to the introduction of idolatry in Israel and weakening the worship of Yahweh.
(iv) Economic Strain: The lavish lifestyle of Solomon’s court and the expenses of his numerous building projects drained the nation’s resources. This economic strain affected the prosperity of the kingdom and the well-being of its citizens.
(v) Political Division: The discontent caused by Solomon’s policies set the stage for political instability. After Solomon’s death, his son Rehoboam’s decision to continue his harsh policies led to the division of the kingdom into Israel (the northern kingdom) and Judah (the southern kingdom).
(vi) Loss of Tribal Unity: Solomon’s centralization of power and neglect of tribal distinctions led to a loss of unity among the tribes of Israel. This centralization of authority alienated the northern tribes, contributing to the eventual split of the kingdom.
(1b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Arrogance: Leaders who are arrogant tend to ignore the opinions and needs of others, acting in their own self-interest rather than considering the welfare of those they lead. This attitude creates a disconnect between the leader and the people.
(ii) Inflexibility: Inflexible leaders refuse to adapt to new situations or consider alternative viewpoints. This rigidity can lead to poor decision-making and stifle innovation, causing frustration among followers.
(iii) Lack of Empathy: Leaders who lack empathy do not understand or acknowledge the feelings and challenges of their followers. This insensitivity makes them seem cold and uncaring, leading to dissatisfaction and loss of support.
(iv) Dishonesty: When leaders are dishonest, they lose the trust of their followers. Lies and deceit can lead to a breakdown in communication and a loss of credibility, making it difficult for the leader to gain and maintain support.
(v) Incompetence: Leaders who lack the necessary skills and knowledge to lead effectively are often viewed as incompetent. This incompetence can result in poor decision-making, failure to achieve goals, and a loss of confidence among followers.
(vi) Authoritarianism: Leaders who rule with an iron fist, using fear and intimidation, often become unpopular. This authoritarian approach suppresses free expression and creativity, leading to resentment and rebellion among those they lead.
(2a)
(i) Opposition from Surrounding Peoples: The Jewish returnees faced strong opposition from neighboring groups like the Samaritans. These groups were hostile and actively worked to discourage and hinder the rebuilding efforts, sometimes even resorting to political maneuvers to halt the construction.
(ii) Resource Scarcity: The returnees struggled with a lack of resources needed for the reconstruction. Limited financial and material resources made it difficult to obtain the necessary building supplies, such as timber and stone, to rebuild the temple.
(iii) Internal Disunity: Among the Jewish returnees, there were divisions and disagreements about how to proceed with the rebuilding process. This internal disunity weakened their collective efforts and slowed down the progress of the construction work.
(2b)
(i) Corruption: Corruption at various levels of government and public institutions diverts resources meant for development into private pockets. This undermines public trust and reduces the effectiveness of development programs.
(ii) Poor Infrastructure: Inadequate infrastructure such as roads, electricity, and water supply hampers economic growth. Poor infrastructure makes it difficult to attract investment and slows down the pace of development.
(iii) Political Instability: Frequent changes in government, political conflicts, and lack of continuity in policies disrupt development initiatives. Political instability creates an uncertain environment that is not conducive to sustainable development.
OR
(2a)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Opposition from Surrounding Peoples: The Jewish returnees faced strong opposition from neighboring groups like the Samaritans. These groups were hostile and actively worked to discourage and hinder the rebuilding efforts, sometimes even resorting to political maneuvers to halt the construction.
(ii) Resource Scarcity: The returnees struggled with a lack of resources needed for the reconstruction. Limited financial and material resources made it difficult to obtain the necessary building supplies, such as timber and stone, to rebuild the temple.
(iii) Internal Disunity: Among the Jewish returnees, there were divisions and disagreements about how to proceed with the rebuilding process. This internal disunity weakened their collective efforts and slowed down the progress of the construction work.
(iv) Economic Hardship: Many returnees faced severe economic difficulties upon their return. The region had been neglected for years, and there was widespread poverty. The struggle to make a living and provide for their families made it challenging to focus on rebuilding the temple.
(v) Political Instability: The returnees also faced political instability both within the Persian Empire, which ruled over them, and from local governors who were not supportive of their efforts. Changes in political leadership could result in changes in policy that affected the rebuilding process.
(vi) Lack of Skilled Labor: After years of exile, many skilled workers and artisans who had the expertise to construct the temple were either not available or not in the best condition to work. The shortage of skilled laborers slowed down the construction and affected the quality of the work.
(2b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Corruption: Corruption at various levels of government and public institutions diverts resources meant for development into private pockets. This undermines public trust and reduces the effectiveness of development programs.
(ii) Poor Infrastructure: Inadequate infrastructure such as roads, electricity, and water supply hampers economic growth. Poor infrastructure makes it difficult to attract investment and slows down the pace of development.
(iii) Political Instability: Frequent changes in government, political conflicts, and lack of continuity in policies disrupt development initiatives. Political instability creates an uncertain environment that is not conducive to sustainable development.
(iv) Education System Deficiencies: An underfunded and poorly managed education system fails to equip the population with the necessary skills and knowledge. This results in a workforce that is not adequately prepared to drive development.
(v) Healthcare Challenges: Poor healthcare services lead to a less healthy population, which affects productivity and economic growth. High rates of disease and inadequate healthcare infrastructure pose significant barriers to development.
(vi) Economic Inequality: A wide gap between the rich and the poor can hinder development by limiting access to opportunities for a large portion of the population. Economic inequality can lead to social unrest and reduce the overall economic potential of the country.
(5a). In Luke’s account of the demands of discipleship, Jesus emphasizes the need for total commitment and self-sacrifice. Some key aspects of discipleship highlighted in Luke’s Gospel include:
1. Priority over family and personal ties: Jesus stresses that following him takes precedence over family relationships and personal attachments. He says, “If anyone comes to me and does not hate father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters—yes, even their own life—such a person cannot be my disciple” (Luke 14:26).
2. Carrying one’s cross: Jesus emphasizes that discipleship involves embracing suffering and self-denial. He says, “Whoever does not carry their cross and follow me cannot be my disciple” (Luke 14:27). This calls for the willingness to face challenges and persecution for the sake of following Christ.
3. Counting the cost: Luke records Jesus’ teaching on the importance of carefully considering the demands of discipleship before committing to it. Jesus uses the analogies of building a tower and waging war to illustrate that one must evaluate the costs and be prepared to make sacrifices (Luke 14:28-33).
(b). Three characteristics expected of a potential disciple include:
1. Faith: A potential disciple must have faith in Jesus Christ as the Son of God and Savior. This involves believing in his teachings, accepting his sacrifice on the cross, and following his example.
2. Obedience: Discipleship calls for obedience to Christ’s teachings and commandments. A potential disciple must be willing to align their life with God’s will and commit to a lifestyle of faith and obedience.
3. Love: Jesus taught that the greatest commandment is to love God with all one’s heart, soul, mind, and strength, and to love one’s neighbor as oneself (Mark 12:30-31). Therefore, a potential disciple should strive to cultivate a deep love for God and genuine concern for others.
OR
(5a)
(i) Jesus emphasizes the need for self-denial, indicating that a disciple must be willing to give up their own desires and priorities. In Luke 9:23, Jesus says, “If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me.”
(ii) Jesus demands absolute commitment from His disciples. He emphasizes that allegiance to Him must take precedence over all other relationships, including family ties and personal interests.
(iii) Jesus teaches that potential disciples should consider the cost of following Him. He compared discipleship to building a tower, where one must calculate the cost to see if they have enough to complete it. This means being aware of and prepared for the sacrifices involved.
(iv) True discipleship involves placing spiritual values above worldly possessions, demonstrating a willingness to part with anything that could obstruct full devotion and service. This teaching implies that disciples must be prepared to relinquish their material belongings and ensure that these do not interfere with their commitment.
(v) Jesus said in the book of Luke, that anyone who puts hand to the plow and looks back is not fit for the kingdom of God. This highlights the need for unwavering focus and dedication to the mission without looking back or regretting the decision.
(vi) Jesus reiterates the concept of bearing one’s cross, symbolizing the willingness to endure suffering and persecution for His sake.
(5b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Willingness to surrender: A disciple must be willing to surrender their life, possessions, and desires to follow Jesus.
(ii) Commitment to follow: A disciple must be committed to following Jesus, even when the journey is difficult or uncertain.
(iii) Self-denial: A disciple must be willing to deny themselves and take up their cross, embracing the challenges and hardships of discipleship.
(iv) Humility: A disciple must be humble, recognizing their need for Jesus and their dependence on Him.
(v) Faithfulness: A disciple must be faithful, persevering in their commitment to Jesus and His teachings, even in the face of obstacles and opposition.
OR
(5a)
Luke’s account of the demands of discipleship is a crucial aspect of his Gospel. Jesus teaches that discipleship requires total commitment and dedication, sacrificing material comforts and security. This means being willing to leave behind worldly possessions and desires, and instead, focus on following Jesus.
Jesus also teaches that discipleship requires prioritizing Him above all else, even family and personal interests. This means being willing to make difficult choices and put Jesus first, even when it’s hard.
Luke emphasizes the need for disciples to take up their cross and follow Jesus, symbolizing the willingness to suffer persecution and hardship for the sake of the Gospel. This means being willing to face challenges and difficulties with courage and faith. In other words Luke’s account of discipleship emphasizes the importance of total commitment, surrender, and dedication to following Jesus. It’s a call to a radical way of living, one that requires sacrifice, obedience, and a willingness to follow Jesus no matter what.
(5b)
(i) Humility: A potential disciple is expected to demonstrate humility, recognizing their need for spiritual guidance and willing to learn from Jesus.
(ii) Surrender: A potential disciple must be willing to surrender their life, desires, and ambitions to Jesus, putting Him in control.
(iii) Faithfulness: A potential disciple is expected to demonstrate faithfulness, remaining loyal and committed to Jesus through trials and challenges.
(6a)
Jesus was arrested and taken to Caiaphas’ house, where the Sanhedrin had gathered. The Sanhedrin sought false testimony against Jesus, but found none. Despite this, they persisted in their efforts to condemn Him. Two witnesses came forward, accusing Jesus of saying He would destroy the temple, but their testimonies didn’t agree.
Caiaphas, the High Priest, asked Jesus to respond to the charges, but Jesus remained silent. Caiaphas then asked Jesus under oath if He was the Messiah, the Son of God. Jesus affirmed His identity, declaring, “You have said so. But I tell you, from now on you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of Power and coming on the clouds of heaven.”
Caiaphas declared Jesus’ response blasphemy and tore his robes. The Sanhedrin concurred, finding Jesus guilty and deserving of death. They bound Him and led Him away to the Roman governor, Pontius Pilate, to sentence Him to death. Through this sham trial, Jesus demonstrated His willingness to suffer for the truth, even in the face of injustice and corruption.
(6b)
(i) Injustice and corruption can reach even the highest levels of authority: Jesus’ trial before the Sanhedrin and Caiaphas was a sham, with false testimony, coercion, and disregard for due process. This serves as a reminder to remain vigilant against corruption and to stand up for truth and justice, even in the face of powerful opposition.
(ii) Standing up for one’s beliefs and identity can come at a great cost: Jesus refused to back down from His claims and identity, even when faced with death. His courage and conviction serve as an inspiration to remain faithful to one’s beliefs and values, even in the face of persecution or adversity.
OR
(6a)
Jesus was arrested in the Garden of Gethsemane by the temple guards and elders. He was brought first to Annas, the father-in-law of Caiaphas, and then to Caiaphas, the current High Priest.
During the hearing before Caiaphas and the assembled council (Sanhedrin), many false witnesses were brought forward to testify against Jesus. However, their testimonies were inconsistent and did not provide a solid basis for a charge. Finally, two witnesses came forward with a consistent testimony, claiming that Jesus had said, “I am able to destroy the temple of God and rebuild it in three days”. This statement was interpreted as a threat against the temple, a serious offense in Jewish law.
Caiaphas then directly questioned Jesus, asking if He was the Christ, the Son of God. Jesus affirmed this, stating, “You have said so. But I tell you, from now on you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of Power and coming on the clouds of heaven”. Caiaphas reacted dramatically to Jesus’ affirmation, tearing his robes and declaring, “He has uttered blasphemy. What further witnesses do we need? You have now heard his blasphemy”. This act of tearing his robes was a traditional sign of outrage and mourning, signifying the severity of the accusation.
Following Caiaphas’ declaration, the members of the Sanhedrin agreed that Jesus was guilty and deserving of death. They pronounced Him guilty of blasphemy, which, according to Jewish law, was punishable by death. After the verdict, Jesus was subjected to mocking, spitting, and physical abuse by those present. They blindfolded Him, struck Him, and demanded that He prophesy who had hit Him, further humiliating Him.
(6b)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Injustice and corruption can lead to false accusations and wrongful convictions
(ii) Standing up for one’s beliefs and values can lead to persecution and suffering
(iii) Despite the false testimonies against Him, Jesus remained truthful, demonstrating the power and importance of truth in the face of lies.
(iv) God’s plan and purpose can be fulfilled even through unjust and painful circumstances
(v) The actions of Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin highlight how human judgment can be flawed and influenced by fear, jealousy, and the desire to maintain power.
7(a). The appointment of the seven deacons occurred in the early Christian church as a response to a conflict that arose between two groups within the church, as described in Acts 6:1-6. The event unfolded as follows:
1. Division among believers: As the number of followers grew, there was a division between the Hellenistic Jews and the Hebraic Jews within the church in Jerusalem. The Hellenistic Jews (Greek-speaking) believed that their widows were being neglected in the daily distribution of food, compared to the Hebraic Jews.
2. Complaint brought to the apostles: The Hellenistic Jews voiced their concerns to the Twelve Apostles, claiming that their widows were being overlooked in the food distribution process.
3. Apostles’ response: The apostles recognized the need to address the issue without neglecting their primary responsibility of preaching the Word of God. They called for the selection of seven men from among the congregation to oversee the distribution of food to ensure fairness and equity.
3. Appointment of the deacons: The congregation chose seven men, including Stephen, Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolaus, who were known to be filled with the Holy Spirit and wisdom. The apostles laid their hands on them, appointing them as deacons to oversee the distribution of food to the widows.
(b). Three ways by which conflicts can be resolved in society include:
1. Dialogue and negotiation: Engaging in open and honest communication can help parties understand each other’s viewpoints, needs, and concerns. Through dialogue and negotiation, conflicting parties can find common ground, identify potential solutions, and reach mutually beneficial agreements.
2. Mediation and arbitration: A neutral third party can facilitate conflict resolution by helping the disputing parties reach an agreement or make a binding decision. Mediators guide the discussion and promote understanding, while arbitrators evaluate evidence and deliver a resolution.
3. Restorative justice: This approach focuses on repairing the harm caused by conflict and reintegrating the conflicting parties into the community. It emphasizes accountability, empathy, and addressing the needs of both victims and offenders. Restorative justice can lead to healing and reconciliation among the parties involved.
(8a)
James addressed the situation described in his epistle by condemning the act of showing favoritism within the church based on economic status or appearance. He explicitly challenges this discriminatory behavior. where he argues that such partiality is incompatible with the Christian faith. James illustrates his point by presenting a hypothetical scenario where two men visit a church gathering, one dressed in fine clothes and the other in shabby clothes. The one in fine clothes is treated with honor and offered the best seat, while the one in shabby clothes is told to stand or sit on the floor. He reprimands this behavior, emphasizing that making distinctions among themselves and judging based on appearance is sinful. James calls for believers to fulfill the “royal law” as stated in Scripture, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” promoting equality and impartial treatment as essential expressions of genuine faith.
(8b)
(i) Exacerbates social and economic disparities: Favoring the rich perpetuates inequality and reinforces social and economic barriers.
(ii) Erodes community unity and trust: Discrimination and partiality create divisions and undermine social cohesion, leading to a breakdown in community relationships.
(iii) Limits opportunities for social mobility: Prioritizing the interests of the wealthy restricts opportunities for economic advancement and social mobility for the poor, perpetuating cycles of poverty.
OR
(8a)
In addressing the issue of showing partiality in the church, James offered a poignant rebuke against favoritism. He vividly described a scenario where a wealthy person is given preferential treatment over a poor man. James condemned this behavior, highlighting its inconsistency with the principles of Christian faith. He reminded the believers that God shows no partiality and urged them to emulate this by treating all individuals equally, regardless of their socio-economic status. James emphasized the importance of practicing genuine love and impartiality, in line with the teachings of Jesus Christ. He urged the church to uphold God’s royal law of loving one’s neighbor as oneself, emphasizing that any deviation from this principle is sinful. James’ admonition serves as a timeless reminder for Christians to demonstrate fairness, compassion, and inclusivity in their interactions with others within the church and beyond.
(8b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Promotes Inequality: Treating people differently because they are rich or poor leads to unfairness and inequality in society.
(ii) Breaks Trust: When people see unfair treatment, they lose trust in the system, which weakens community bonds.
(iii) Stops Growth: Favoritism makes it hard for people from poor backgrounds to improve their lives, which slows down overall progress.
(iv) Creates Resentment: Unfair treatment causes anger and bitterness among those who are treated poorly, leading to conflicts.
(v) Hurts Meritocracy: Favoring the rich over the deserving means society misses out on the talents and contributions of many people
(9a)
Peter outlines his expectations for the people described as a chosen race, a royal priesthood, and a holy nation in his first epistle, emphasizing their call to live exemplary lives of spiritual dedication and moral integrity. He expects the following from them:
(i)Exemplify Holy Conduct: As a chosen race and a holy nation, they are expected to conduct themselves in a manner that reflects their special status and calling. This includes abstaining from sinful desires and behaviors that can tarnish their testimony and the collective witness of the community.
(ii)Serve God Diligently; As a royal priesthood, the believers are called to serve God fervently, offering spiritual sacrifices that are pleasing to Him. This service is not limited to ritualistic practices but extends to everyday actions and interactions that honor God and advance His kingdom.
(iii)Proclaim God’s Excellences:They are tasked with declaring the virtues and excellences of God, who called them out of darkness into His marvelous light. This involves witnessing to others about God’s goodness and the transformative power of the Gospel, encouraging others to also seek a relationship with God.
(iv)Maintain Good Deeds: Peter emphasizes the importance of good deeds, urging the community to engage in actions that glorify God before others. These deeds serve as a practical demonstration of their faith and help to counteract false accusations or misunderstandings about their beliefs.
(9b)
(i)Prejudice and Intolerance: Deep-seated prejudices and a lack of tolerance for diversity can lead to misunderstanding and conflict among different groups. When people are unwilling to accept or respect differences in culture, religion, or ideology, it creates a barrier to peaceful co-existence.
(ii)Economic Disparities: Significant differences in wealth and access to resources can lead to divisions and resentment between different sectors of society. Economic inequality often results in social tension and can provoke conflicts as groups struggle for resources and recognition.
(iii)Political Instability and Corruption: Political instability, including corrupt governance, can exacerbate tensions and foster an environment where peaceful co-existence is difficult.
OR
(9a)
(i) Peter says Christians have been transformed from darkness into light so they should declare the wonderful deeds of God.
(ii) He said formerly, Christians were no people but they are now God’s people who have received mercý.
(iii) Peter appealed to Christians not to conform to the standards of this world.
(iv) He admonished them to avoid the passions of the flesh and things that hinder their spiritual growth.
(v) He was of the view that believers must maintain good conduct among non-Christians so that through their deeds, God will be glorified.
(vi) Peter holds the view that, Christians are to be subject to every human institution/authority.
(vii) According to Peter, Christians should not misuse the freedom they have to do evil.
(viii) The believer, as Peter states, should honour all men.
(ix) He again states that Christians should love their brothers and fear God.
(x) The Christian should honour the one who leads him.
(xi) Peter also admonished servants to submit themselves to their masters.
(xii) AS a chosen race, Christians are advised by Peter to have patience when they suffer for no wrong done.
(xiii) He continued that Christians should emulate the example of Christ who suffered for no wrong done.
(xiv) Finally, Peter encouraged Christians to die to sin and live to righteousness since Christ died on the cross for our sins.
(9b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Prejudice and Discrimination: Prejudices based on race, ethnicity, religion, or socioeconomic status lead to discrimination and social exclusion. This creates tension and conflict, making peaceful co-existence difficult.
(ii) Resource Competition: Competition for limited resources such as jobs, land, and economic opportunities can lead to conflicts, particularly when there is perceived or actual inequity in resource distribution.
(iii) Cultural and Religious Differences: Differing cultural and religious beliefs and practices can create misunderstandings and intolerance. Without mutual respect and dialogue, these differences can escalate into significant conflicts and violence
(iv) Political Instability: Political instability, corruption, and poor governance can lead to conflicts and violence. When people feel that their voices are not heard and their needs are not met by their leaders, it can result in civil unrest and divisions within society.
(v) Economic Disparities: Wide economic disparities between different groups in society can cause tension and conflict. When wealth and resources are concentrated in the hands of a few while the majority remain in poverty, it creates a fertile ground for discontent and social strife.
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