WAEC 2025/2026 Animal Husbandry Obj & Theory Answers

Animal Husbandry Obj

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(1ai)

Oestrus synchronization refers to the deliberate manipulation of the reproductive cycle in female animals so that a group of them come into heat at the same time. This is done using hormonal treatments to control or induce ovulation, making it easier to plan and carry out artificial insemination efficiently.

(1aii)

(PICK FOUR ONLY)

(i) Artificial vagina

(ii) Semen straw

(iii) Insemination gun

(iv) Straw cutter

(v) Thermometer

(vi) Semen storage tank

(vii) Lubricant

(viii) Speculum

(1bi)

Vaccination: Vaccination is the administration of vaccines to livestock to protect them from specific infectious diseases. It helps to boost the animal’s immune system so it can fight off future infections effectively, reducing disease outbreaks and increasing productivity.

(1bii)

Feeding ad libitum: Feeding ad libitum means providing animals with unlimited access to feed at all times. This allows the animals to eat whenever they want and as much as they need, which can promote better growth and weight gain, especially in poultry and livestock farming.

(1ci)

PRE-SLAUGHTERING:

(PICK ONE ONLY)

(i) Withholding of feed

(ii) Withholding of water

(iii) Weighing of birds

(iv) Health inspection

(1d)

(COMPLETE THE TABLE)

(i) Kit

(ii) Lamb

(iii) 8 – 12

(iv) Kid

(v) 12 – 16

(vi) Calf

(vii) Piglet

(viii) 6 – 8

(2ai)

Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from the ovary into the fallopian tube, where it can be fertilized by sperm. This process is controlled by reproductive hormones and usually occurs during the peak of the oestrus cycle.

(2aii)

The oestrus cycle is the recurring reproductive cycle in female animals, during which they become receptive to mating. It includes stages such as proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus, and it prepares the body for potential fertilization and pregnancy.

(2aiii)

The heat period is the phase within the oestrus cycle when the female animal is sexually receptive and ovulation is about to occur or is occurring. During this time, the animal may show signs such as restlessness, mounting behavior, and a swollen vulva.

(2aiv)

Parturition is the act of giving birth to young ones. It involves the expulsion of the fully developed fetus from the uterus through the birth canal, typically initiated by hormonal changes that stimulate uterine contractions.

(2b)

(PICK FIVE ONLY)

(i) Swollen and enlarged udder

(ii) Relaxation of the pelvic ligaments

(iii) Enlargement and softening of the vulva

(iv) Restlessness and frequent lying down and standing up

(v) Separation from the flock or seeking a secluded area

(vi) Mucus discharge from the vulva

(vii) Pawing the ground or nesting behavior

(viii) Loss of appetite or reduced feeding activity

(2c)

(PICK FIVE ONLY)

(i) Thermostat

(ii) Heating element

(iii) Humidity control system

(iv) Egg turning mechanism

(v) Ventilation system

(vi) Temperature sensor

(vii) Egg tray or rack

(viii) Viewing window

(2d)

(PICK TWO ONLY)

(i) Liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica)

(ii) Roundworm (Ascaris species)

(iii) Tapeworm (Taenia species)

(iv) Hookworm (Ancylostoma species)

(v) Lungworm (Dictyocaulus species)

(3a)

(i) Harvest the forage crop at the right stage of maturity.

(ii) Chop the harvested forage into small pieces.

(iii) Wilt the forage reduce excess moisture content.

(iv) Pack the chopped forage tightly into a silo or pit to exclude air.

(v) Cover the silo or pit with plastic sheeting to maintain anaerobic conditions.

(vi) Allow the forage to ferment for several weeks before feeding.

(3b)

(i) Ovary

(ii) Infundibulum

(iii) Magnum

(iv) Uterus

(v) Isthmus

(3c)

(PICK FOUR ONLY)

(i) Increased competition for food and water

(ii) Faster spread of diseases and parasites

(iii) Poor growth and weight gain

(iv) High mortality rate

(v) Destruction of pasture and vegetation

(vi) Increased stress and aggression among animals

(vii) Reduced productivity and reproduction rate

(3d)

(PICK TWO ONLY)

(i) Mash

(ii) Pellets

(iii) Crumbles

(iv) Blocks

(3e)

(PICK THREE ONLY)

(i) Large size of the fetus

(ii) Wrong positioning of the fetus

(iii) Narrow birth canal

(iv) Uterine inertia or weak contractions

(v) Multiple births or twins

(vi) Malformation of the fetus

(5ai)

Quarantine is a period of isolation or confinement of animals to prevent the spread of disease. It involves separating animals that may have been exposed to a disease from the rest of the herd or flock to prevent transmission.

(5aii)

Immunity refers to the ability of an animal’s body to resist infection or disease. It can be acquired through vaccination, previous exposure to a disease, or maternal antibodies passed from mother to offspring.

(5aiii)

A zoonotic disease is a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Examples include rabies, brucellosis, and salmonellosis.

(5b)

(i)Reduced productivity: Liver fluke infestation can lead to reduced productivity in livestock, including weight loss, decreased milk production, and poor overall health.

(ii)Increased mortality: Severe liver fluke infestation can lead to increased mortality rates in livestock.

(iii)Veterinary costs: Liver fluke infestation can result in increased veterinary costs for treatment and control measures.

(iv)Liver condemnation: Infected livers may be condemned at slaughter, resulting in economic losses for farmers.

(5c)

(i)Insecticides.

(ii)Good hygiene

(iii)Regular inspection

(5di)

(i)Queen bee

(ii)Worker bees

(iii)Drones

(5dii)

(i)Beehive

(ii)Smoker

(iii)Hive tool

(iv)Bee brush

(6a)

(PICK FOUR ONLY)

(i) Transports oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues

(ii) Transports carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs

(iii) Delivers nutrients to body cells

(iv) Removes waste products from the body

(v) Regulates body temperature

(vi) Helps in clotting to prevent excessive bleeding

(vii) Transports hormones to target organs

(viii) Provides immunity against infections through white blood cells

(6bi)

Pseudoruminants are animals that have a three-chambered stomach and chew cud but do not have the complex four-chambered stomach of true ruminants.

(6bii)

(PICK TWO ONLY)

(i) Camel

(ii) Llama

(iii) Alpaca

(iv) Hippopotamus

(v) Guinea pig

(6c)

(PICK THREE ONLY)

(i) Ensure the lamb suckles colostrum within the first few hours

(ii) Dry the lamb and keep it warm

(iii) Disinfect the navel cord to prevent infection

(iv) Provide proper shelter and bedding

(v) Monitor the lamb for signs of illness

(vi) Assist in feeding if the ewe cannot produce enough milk

(vii) Ensure bonding between the ewe and the lamb

(6d)

(PICK THREE ONLY)

(i) Heart

(ii) Arteries

(iii) Veins

(iv) Capillaries

(v) Blood

(vi) Lungs

(vii) Spleen

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